在FRM考試中是有很多的公式需要掌握的，因為在考試中有大量的計算題，并且考場不會提供相關公式。那么，備考FRM考試，考生要掌握哪些FRM一級考試公式？

Backwardation and Contango：

? Backwardation refers to a situation where the futures price is below the spot price. For this to occur, there must be a significant benefit to holding the asset.

? Contango refers to a situation where the futures price is above the spot price. If there are no benefits to holding the asset (e.g., dividends, coupons, or convenience yield), contango will occur because the futures price will be greater than the spot price.

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)：

In equilibrium, all investors hold a portfolio of risky assets that has the same weights as the market portfolio. The CAPM is expressed in the equation of the security market line (SML). For any single security or portfolio of securities z, the expected return in equilibrium is

E(Rj) = Rp + betaj[E(Rj v j)—Rp]

Probabilities：

Unconditional probability (marginal probability) is the probability of an event occurring. Conditional probability, P(A | B), is the probability of an event A occurring given that event B has occurred. 【資料下載】點擊下載融躍教育FRM考試公式表

Linear Regression Assumptions：

? The expected value of the error term, conditional on the independent variable, is zero.

? All (X, Y) observations are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.).

? It is unlikely that large outliers will be observed in the data.

FRM考試的公式就分享這么多，學員如果還有更多的內容想要學習，可以在線咨詢老師或者添加老師微信（rongyuejiaoyu）。